This doc discusses monophasic liquid dosage varieties, which incorporate elements dissolved in just one period. It offers examples of interior monophasic liquids like syrups and elixirs, and exterior liquids like gargles and enemas.
28. Pharmaceutical programs of microemulsions Raise bioavailability of prescription drugs badly soluble in water Topical drug shipping and delivery systems
The doc discusses creams as a semisolid dosage sort that contains drug substances dispersed or dissolved in an acceptable foundation. It defines oil-in-h2o and water-in-oil creams and provides examples of each.
The doc discusses differing kinds of emulsifiers which includes surface area-active agents, hydrocolloids, and stable particles that stabilize emulsions by means of monomolecular or multimolecular movie development. In addition it addresses emulsion characterization, apps in pharmaceutical merchandise, and variables impacting emulsion security.
This document discusses theories of dispersion and techniques for planning emulsions and suspensions. It covers four primary theories of emulsion dispersion: viscousity principle, movie or adsorption concept, wedge theory, and interfacial tension theory. Furthermore, it describes typical emulsion preparing strategies just like the dry gum approach and wet gum approach.
Suppositories may be used to generate regional results within the rectum or systemic outcomes throughout the human body. The best suppository foundation is non-annoying, suitable with medications, and melts at human body temperature to release the medication.
Emulsions Definition They're homogenous, transparent and thermodynamically stable dispersion of water and oil stabilized by surfactant and co-surfactants Is made up of globules under 0.1 μm in diameter Varieties Oil dispersed in drinking water (o/w) - oil fraction low Water dispersed in oil (w/o) - h2o fraction lower Bicontinuous (number of oil and water are exact same) Strengths Thermodynamically secure, long shelf lifestyle Potential reservoir of lipophilic or hydrophilic drug Enhance the absorption and permeation of prescription drugs by biological membranes Enhanced solubility and security of medications Relieve and economical scale-up Better influence at decreased focus Improves the bioavailability of improperly soluble medication Theories of microemulsion Interfacial or combined movie principle Microemulsions are fashioned spontaneously due to development of elaborate film with the interface by a mix of surfactant and co-surfactant, On account of which the interfacial pressure cuts down Solubilization concept Microemulsions are regarded as being thermodynamically secure alternatives of drinking water swollen (w/o) or oil swollen (o/w) spherical micelles Thermodynamic idea The absolutely free Electrical power of microemulsion development is dependent on the purpose of surfactant in lowering the floor pressure for the interface and escalating the entropy on the process Multiple emulsions are complex polydispersed methods wherever both oil in h2o and drinking water in oil emulsion exists concurrently that are stabilized by lipophilic and hydrophilic surfactants respectively The ratio of those surfactants is vital in obtaining steady numerous emulsions They're often known as “Double emulsion” or “emulsion-in just-emulsion” Forms Oil-in-drinking water-in-oil (O/W/O) An o/w emulsion is dispersed in an oil constant stage Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) a w/o emulsion is dispersed within a water-continuous section MONOMOLECULAR ADSORPTION Concept MULTIMOLECULAR ADSORPTION THEORY Good PARTICLE ADSORPTION THEORY ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER Idea ORIENTED WEDGE THEORY Surfactants adsorb on the oil-water interface and variety a monomolecular movie This movie speedily envelopes the droplets They are very compact, elastic, flexible, sturdy and can't be simply damaged For convalescing stable emulsions combination of surfactants [surfactant blend] are used in lieu of only one one The surfactant Mix is made of equally drinking water soluble and oil soluble surfactants so website as to solution the interface from aqueous and oil phase sides At interface the surfactant Mix interact to variety a posh and condense a monomolecular film Ex: A mix of Sodium cetyl sulfate (hydrophilic) and Cholesterol (lipophilic) sorts a detailed packed elaborate movie for the interface that creates a great emulsion
The doc discusses different types of emulsifiers together with surface area-Lively agents, hydrocolloids, and solid particles that stabilize emulsions by monomolecular or multimolecular film formation. In addition it covers emulsion characterization, programs in pharmaceutical solutions, and elements impacting emulsion balance.
Deviation from The best conduct of the emulsion is named instability of emulsion. The slide demonstrate particulars of this.
this ppt is quite simple and it has immence importance in Bodily pharmacy. it's been organized determined by the syllabus of WBUT & is made of informations of elimentary label...
It discusses differing types of tablets like compressed and molded tablets. It provides particulars on analyzing the looks, check here hardness, friability together with other Homes of tablets and describes exams like weight variation, content uniformity, and dissolution used to be certain tablets meet up with specifications.
This document discusses pH determination procedures. It defines pH because the destructive logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration and describes how Sorensen formulated the pH scale in 1909. A pH of 7 is neutral as hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations are equivalent.
Numerous smaller-scale demo operates may be required ahead of the pilot runs and scale around a industrial scale creation.
This document summarizes many theories of emulsions: - The monomolecular adsorption concept points out how emulsifying agents lower interfacial pressure by adsorbing for the oil-h2o interface to sort monolayer films. Mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic emulsifiers are frequently accustomed to type sophisticated films.